?hsano?lu, Ekmeleddin, “Changes in Ottoman Educational Life and effords towards modernization in the 18th – 19th centuries”, in Feza GŸnergun, Shigehisa Kuriyama (eds), The Introduction of Modern Science and Technology to Turkey and Japan. International Symposium. October 7-11, 1996, (Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies 1998), 119-136.

?hsano?lu, Ekmeleddin, “Changes in Ottoman Educational Life and effords towards modernization in the 18th – 19th centuries”, in Feza GŸnergun, Shigehisa Kuriyama (eds), The Introduction of Modern Science and Technology to Turkey and Japan. International Symposium. October 7-11, 1996, (Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies 1998), 119-136.

?hsano?lu, Ekmeleddin, “Changes in Ottoman Educational Life and effords towards modernization in the 18th – 19th centuries”, in Feza GŸnergun, Shigehisa Kuriyama (eds), The Introduction of Modern Science and Technology to Turkey and Japan. International Symposium. October 7-11, 1996, (Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies 1998), 119-136.

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